Analyzing Garret Harding’s Article Essay Example for Free

Analyzing Garret Hardings Article EssayThis paper seeks to analyze the article The cataclysm of the commonality by Hardin (1968). The first part summarizes the main dissertation by identifying the principle or principles that Hardin employ to excuse the Tragedy as he defines it. The second part describes how Hardins thesis would apply to output of smogginessginess pollutants in calcium. 2. Summary and Application 2. 1. SummaryThe paper article talks about the disaster of the common which has contradicted the invisible hand that was described by Adam metalworker that would gentlemanaged things for quite a little by just allowing mans selfishness to keep on profiting without realizing that the equal could be helping people in the process. The tragedy of the honey oil is therefore preventing the operation of the market or certain individuals from fully attaining what is good for these individuals because of the inevitable overpopulation.However the creator has also ackno wledged ways or eventors below which the tragedy of commons could be neutralized such(prenominal) the existence of private property in support of that mans selfishness in accordance with Smiths theory. He also mentioned other factors that may have either supported to weaken the tragedy of commons. He therefore still sees a source to the tragedy, which is the relinquishment of exemption to gillyflower by the commons. much(prenominal) can be done by nigh intervention of those who have the power like the state.The thesis of the Hardin (1968) further asserts that the business on overpopulation has no proficient solution for there is nothing to maximize. He notable the fact the people argon concerned about the problem of overpopulation and that the same people would try the ways to avoid the evils of such situation but without giving up the pleasure that they have now. The author assert the fact the people would want to make everything possible where plans could be growing or d eveloping whatsoever source of food that result solve the problem caused by the overpopulation.Hardin asserted about the absence of good solution to the problem as in winning the game of tick-tack-toe. He concluded that the simplest summary of the digest of mans problem in population is that the commons could justify their existence exclusively under(a) conditions of low-population density. Thus he argued that given the fact the population has increased, these commons have to be abandoned in one aspect. According to Hardin, the first way to abandon them can be done food gathering, envelopment farm land, restricting pastures and in hunting and fishing areas.He also truism the commons as a place for waste disposal that would justify their abandonment. Since the author also think ofs human freedom preservation, it was his position that to preserve and nurture the more important kinds of freedom, the solution is to give up the freedom to breed from these commons as soon as poss ible. 2. 2 Application to the Production of Smog Pollutants in calcium This part of the paper bequeath define Commons in the case of the smog pollutants in calcium as those people that may be part of the creating the problems of smog pollution in California, who may or may not be aware of the solution or cause of the problem.Individuals or non-commons may be those that are not part of the common which could be exemplified by the group described by Hardin which espouses the relinquishment of freedom to breed in order to arrest the tragedy of overpopulation caused and who believes that there are no technical solutions to problem. Since the case of pollution is related to overpopulation which according to Hardin has caused the problem, the non-commons extends their argument in this part that opt to give up still the freedom to breed for commons.This part describes also the problem in damage of the different apparent horizon from the commons, the non-commons or individual In terms of the commons, the problem of smog Production is a problem that could be technologically solved. Hence these commons would argue for the film for the production of cars that would be equipment of the capability of reduced or smog pollutants (Vannijnatten and Lambright, 2001 Dooley, 2002)). This could be evident in the case of what is cosmos required now of new cars from California.Newer cars commencement with 2009 model will be required to have label that contains a level as to horizontal surface ranks in terms of environsal impact. The information is designed to suffer consumers with the practical information that could contribute to their being responsible decision makers in the use of environment friendly vehicles while satisfying or clash the needs of these people to move around (Environment intelligence activity Service, 2009). The label used for environmental performance will include a scale of 1-10 for global warming craps and smog score.The higher score on both scale s will show that the car is more environment friendly car. With average normal score of 5 on both scales, the values of the decision makers will also show how they will value the environment will also be reflective of scores recorded (Environment News Service, 2009). Electric cars are noted to earn higher ratings than non- voltaic cars on both score thereby indicating the role of technology (Environment News Service, 2009). This would provide a strong argument against that of Hardin (1968) that there is no technical solution to the problem.It could be argued that electric cars evolved from gasoline cars and therefore consumers may be deemed to have become more responsible to the environment. In terms of the individual interests, as espoused by Garrett Hardin (1968), the solution is non-technical that one can never minimized or maximized that augur where there could acceptable smog pollutant level. From this view, the problem comes from the commons in the case of production of smog pollutants and not from non-commons which do not see themselves as part of the problem.Hardins viewed that there are indeed people causing smog pollutants in California which may not be prevented from having better cars due to the incline that there is no technical solution to the problem. The solution could not be erect therefore under the principle developed as viewed by commons that more efficient cars could be produced but rather in stopping the freedom to breed commons which will prevent the problem created in the production of smog pollutant in California.Hardin under his own view would rather therefore go for stopping the raising of the commons who keep on violating the rights of individuals because of the enclosures or certain advantages or favors given to these commons. The solution could include duty for government actions to deny seeming shout for more rights and liberties by the commons. In the article on Tragedy of the commons, Hardin (2008) also attacked the fact t hat every favor given to the commons is a deprivation of roughbodys personal liberty.He argued that while infringements made in the past could be accepted by him and the believers of his cause, he could only now see the abuse of infringement made because of the cries for rights and freedom are made by commons. He apothegm the benefits given to the commons are a way of robbing against the non-commons. He further saw only comprehensive ruin if the logic of the commons would continue to be upheld. For this purpose the author saw only the need for true freedom that is based on recognition of necessity.If this principle is applied to the smog pollutants in California, Hardin would see hopeless of having smog free cars and that the cost of regulation for smog free cars could only be caused by the commons. If Hardins position is to be sustained, this would amount to prohibiting rather the commons to not having cars whatever more by government actions since these non-commons would not w ant to share tone with the commons who will in the end cause overpopulation. Hardin (1968) also argued in the article that the most important aspect of necessity is the present need to recognize the necessity of abandoning the commons in breeding.Since he saw the absence of technical solution to the problem the misery of overpopulation would necessarily come along with all related evils. He posited that freedom to breed will bring ruin to all. In effect, Hardin would want to address still the issue of overpopulation since all the issue of pollution according to him is also cause by population. In terms of collective interest, people need to co-exist unitedly whether commons or non-commons because they only live in one land surface the earth which provides life for everybody.The right of co-existence happens because the ethical theory of social justice demands that one must practice what is just and circus to everybody concerned. To have peaceful-coexistence, there must be an in tention of each of the commons or the individuals to sacrifice some(prenominal) of their rights for the survival of both. The resulting conflict, if not solved, will put humans into a level of what is contentious as consciousnessively, the instinct for survival is as old as life itself (Fikes, 2001). Each person whether common or non-common has rights and obligations to write down if each is to live together harmoniously.While it is true that smog production would be dangerous to the environment and the common may occupy a bigger share in the total number of the population, it could be easily accepted that they could be wipe out on earth so that only the non-common shall live. To square up whether indeed a technical solution is possible, there is a need to understand the nature of smog which is a kind of air pollution caused them the petrochemical reaction of sunlight with volatile organic compounds and oxides of normality when released into the atmosphere.The same is therefore normally observed in automobile operation. To attain smog free objective, California used smog score by ranking each vehicles pollutants levels in terms of non-methane organic gases and oxides of nitrogen in relation to other vehicles within the current model year. Within the scale of 1 to 10, the California scale assigns 10 to be the cleanest while the average score 5 (Environment News Service, 2009). This could therefore avouch to the creation of technical solutions that would solve the problem of smog production in California.This again will provide strong argument against the position taken by the Hardin (1968) on the absence of technical solution. Another confirmation of this evolution in technology is in the light of the belief that car model before 2006 would betide below the smog score of one. An action for more stringent standards must be viewed as a way of creating solution that would satisfy the collective interest of both commons and non-commons. The fact of smog cr itique involves knowing whether Hydrocarbons, Nitrous Oxides or Carbon Monoxides (SmogTips, Inc, 2009) are present since these chemicals are identified for the production of smog.The fact the human knowledge has identified these chemicals from a long list of other known chemicals must come up to further as evidence of technical solution to the problem of pollution. 3. Conclusion This paper concludes that the thesis of Hardin (1968) on lack of technical solution to the problem of smog pollutants in California is not rue. This paper has found moves in California to control the production of smog pollutants. The thesis may have raised some points that consider in effect the tragedy caused by the commons where the author has even attacked the theory of universal human rights.The view of the author is in favor individualist orientation and subscribes to the ideal of selfish genes. However, as society has evolved, the individualists have lived together with the commons for centuries and although the position of Hardin may be logical at some points, this paper takes exception to the assertion that there is no technical solution to problems. There is a solution because humanity is forever looking for ways to solve its problems whether the scientist may come from commons or not.ReferencesDooley, E. (2002) litre Years Later Clearing the Air over the London Smog Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. one hundred ten Environment News Service (2009) New California Cars Display Smog, Global Warming Scores, vane roll URL, http//www. ens-newswire. com/ens/jan2009/2009-01-02-092. asp, Accessed January 29, 2009 Fikes, T. (2001) Evolutionary Psychology as Computational Theory in the Cognitive Sciences Journal of Psychology and Theology, Vol. 29Hardin, Garrett (1968) The Tragedy of the Commons, www document URL http//www. sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/162/3859/1243, Accessed January 29, 2009 SmogTips, Inc (2009) How to pass the California emissions test. 3-Part Test. , www document URL http//www. smogtips. com/passing_inspection. cfm, Accessed January 29, 2009 Vannijnatten and Lambright (2001) North American Smog Science-Policy Linkages across Multiple Boundaries Canadian-American Public Policy